Legal Framework

The Law Behind Our Work


Our enforcement actions are grounded in established European and Dutch legislation.

Dutch Auteurswet

Dutch Copyright Act


The Dutch Auteurswet (Copyright Act) provides the domestic legal framework for copyright protection in the Netherlands. It implements the EU Copyright Directive and provides creators with strong rights to control the use of their works.

Under Dutch law, copyright infringement can result in civil liability (including damages and injunctions) and, in certain cases, criminal prosecution.

Key Provisions

  • Automatic copyright protection for original creative works
  • Right to attribution and integrity of the work (moral rights)
  • Civil remedies including injunctions, damages, and account of profits
  • Criminal liability for wilful commercial copyright infringement

Creative Commons Licenses

Legally Binding Copyright Licences


Creative Commons licenses are legally binding copyright licences that allow creators to grant certain permissions while retaining others. Violations of Creative Commons licence terms constitute copyright infringement.

CC BY

Requires attribution: credit the creator, link to the licence, and indicate changes. Commercial use is permitted.

CC BY-SA

Requires attribution and share-alike: derivative works must use the same licence.

CC BY-NC

Requires attribution and prohibits commercial use. Any commercial exploitation is a licence violation.

CC BY-NC-ND

The most restrictive: requires attribution, prohibits commercial use, and prohibits derivative works.

CC BY-NC-SA

Requires attribution, prohibits commercial use, and derivative works must use the same licence.

CC BY-ND

Requires attribution and prohibits derivative works. Commercial use is permitted if the work is unmodified.

Digital Services Act

Regulation (EU) 2022/2065


The Digital Services Act (DSA) is a landmark EU regulation that establishes clear obligations for online platforms regarding illegal content, including copyright-infringing material. It provides a structured framework for notice-and-action procedures and complaint mechanisms.

Key Articles

  • Article 16 — Notice-and-Action: Platforms must provide mechanisms for submitting notices about illegal content and must act expeditiously upon receiving such notices.
  • Article 20 — Internal Complaints: Platforms must provide an internal complaint-handling system for decisions taken on the basis of notices.
  • Article 21 — Out-of-Court Disputes: Users and notice submitters have the right to engage certified out-of-court dispute settlement bodies.
  • Article 53 — Digital Services Coordinator: Each Member State designates a Digital Services Coordinator to oversee platform compliance and handle complaints.

E-Commerce Directive

Directive 2000/31/EC


The E-Commerce Directive establishes the foundational notice-and-takedown framework for intermediary liability across the EU. It provides that hosting providers (including online marketplaces) are exempt from liability for hosted content only if they act expeditiously to remove or disable access to illegal content upon obtaining knowledge of it.

Key Principles

  • Hosting providers must act expeditiously upon knowledge of illegal content
  • The safe harbour defence is lost if a platform fails to act on valid notices
  • Platforms cannot claim ignorance once a formal notice has been submitted
  • The Directive works in conjunction with the DSA's enhanced obligations

Your Rights Are Protected by Law


If your intellectual property is being infringed, we can help you enforce your rights under these legal frameworks.

Report an Infringement